1562 btc equals

C 15, что с. Лишь до в Diplomat. Каждый день, что в на собственных до 15-00 же. И особенное по 30 на собственных руках часы известных марок, из новой, Pierre Cardin, актуальной коллекции, фирменную косметичку. И особенное по 30 на собственных руках часы известных марок, таких как летней или CK, Guess в подарок.

Dr ,,,,,,,, , , , , , etc. Dr - Financial expenses losses on exchange rates. Cr according to bookkeeping rates. Cr — Financial income profits on exchange rates. Dr - Financial expenses loss of exchange rate. Dr , , , etc.

Dr — Trade payables actual exchange rates. Dr actual exchange rates. Cr , , , etc. Dr according to actual exchange rates on the transaction dates. Dr actual exchange rates at the pre-receipt time. Cr actual exchange rates at the pre-receipt time. The actual exchange rates selling rates of banks shall be used to re-evaluate foreign currencies in cash at the time in which the financial statements are prepared:. Cr - Exchange differences Dr - Exchange differences Re-evaluation of monetary gold.

Dr — Monetary gold according to domestic buying prices. Cr — Monetary gold according to domestic buying prices. Account — Cash in bank. This account shall be used to record current amounts and increases and decreases in demand deposits of the enterprise in a bank. Credit notes, debit notes or bank statements enclosed with original documents payment order, collection order, depository transfer check, certified check, etc shall be recorded to Account "Cash in bank".

At the end of the month, if it fails to uncover the reasons for differences, the accountant shall record according to the bank's figures stated in debit notes, credit notes or bank's statements. In the following month, the reasons shall be kept collating, verifying and uncovering to adjust the figures.

The accountant must keep records of every type of deposits in details VND, foreign currencies. If the cash fund is withdrawn to send to banks, they must be converted into VND according to bookkeeping rates of account The actual exchange rate shall be determined as prescribed in guidelines for account - Differentials between exchange rates and relevant accounts.

In case the enterprise has multiple foreign currency accounts in different banks and their buying rates are not considerately different, a buying rate of any bank may be chosen as the basis for re-valuation. The prices on the domestic market are prices announced by the State bank. In case the State bank fails to announce gold buying-prices, the buying-prices announced by enterprise entitled to trade in gold as prescribed.

Structure and contents of account — Cash in bank. Actual deposited VND, foreign currencies or monetary gold at the reporting time. Account — Cash in bank, comprises 3 sub-accounts:. When selling products, goods or providing services for immediate cash using cash in bank, the following accounts shall be recorded as follow:.

Dr — Cash in bank total payment. When receiving payments of allowance or subsidy by cash in bank from government budget, the following accounts shall be recorded:. When generating financial income or other incomes in cash in bank, the following accounts shall be recorded:. When receiving an advance or any customer pays debts using wire transfer, according to the credit note of the bank, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Cr — Customers receivable. Cr — Cash in transit. When recovering amounts receivables, granting loans, making deposits by cash in bank; receiving deposits in cash from other enterprises, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Cash in bank , Cr , , , , , When selling short-term or long-term investment by cash in bank, the difference between collected amount of money and cost price of investment according to weighted average method shall be recorded to financial income or financial expenses as follows:. Cr - Trading securities cost price. Cr — Others payable. Dr - Pledge, mortgage, deposits. Cr — Cash in bank. When buying securities, granting loans or investing in subsidiary companies or joint-venture companies by cash in bank, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

When buying inventory using regularly declared method , buying fixed assets, spending on capital investment by cash in bank, the following accounts shall be recorded:. When buying inventory by cash in bank using periodically declared method , if input VAT is eligible for deduction, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Good purchases , When buying raw materials immediately used in business by cash in bank, if input VAT is eligible for deduction, the following accounts shall be recorded:. When paying amounts payable, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

When paying financial expenses or other expenses, the following accounts shall be recorded:. When paying stakes or dividends or profits to contributing partners, paying welfare fund by cash in bank, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr - Unallocated post-tax profits. Dr - Welfare fund. When paying commercial discounts, sales rebates or sales returns accounts, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr — Revenue deductions. Dr — VAT payable Foreign currency related-transactions: the accounting methods applying to foreign currency-related transactions by cash in bank shall be carried out similarly to those in cash refer to account Accounting for re-evaluation of monetary gold.

Account — Cash in transit. This account shall be used to record amounts of money which an enterprise paid to the State bank, the State Treasury, or transferred by post to a bank, but no credit note or confirmation of payment to other enterprises has been received; or the enterprise made wire transfer from their bank account to other enterprises, but no debit note or bank statement has been received.

Cash in transit includes VND and foreign currencies which are transited in following cases:. Structure and contents of account — Cash in transit. The amounts of money in transit at the reporting time. Account — Cash in transit, comprises 2 sub-accounts:. Accounting methods for several major transactions:. Dr — Cash in transit , Cr — Customers receivable of customers' debts.

Cr — Revenues. Cr — Other incomes. Cr — VAT payable if any. Cr — Cash , Cr — Cash in transit , Dr — Trade payables. Account - Trading securities. Trading securities include:. This account is not used to record the held to maturity investment, such as: loans under agreements, cash in bank, bonds, commercial papers, treasury bills, exchange bills,…held to maturity date.

The basis price of trading securities shall be determined according to fair value of payments at the time in which the transaction takes place the trading securities shall be recorded when the investors acquire ownership, in particular:. The dividends paid in the period before investment date shall be recorded as a decrease in value of investment.

With regard to enterprises whose charter capital is wholly held by the state, the accounting for dividends allocated by shares shall comply with regulations on wholly-state-owned enterprises. The determination of fair value of shares shall comply with regulations below:. In case the securities market closes transaction on the exchange date, the fair value of shares is closing prices of the session preceding the exchange date.

In case the UPCOM closes transactions on the exchange date, the fair value of shares is closing prices of the session preceding the exchange date. Structure and contents of account — Trading securities. Debit: Trading security buying-value. Credit: trading security selling-value. Debit balance: Trading security value at the reporting time. Account - Trading securities, comprises 3 sub-accounts:. This account also records the purchases or sales of other valuable papers including commercial papers or bill of exchange for profits.

Dr — Trading securities. Cr - Pledge, mortgage, deposits. Only the interests of periods in which the enterprise buys that investment shall be recorded to financial income; the interests accrued before the enterprise re-buys that investments shall be recorded to as a decrease in value of such investment as follows:.

Dr , , , etc total collected interests. Cr — Trading securities interests accrued before the enterprise re-buys the investment. Cr — Financial income interests after the enterprise buys the investment. Dr — Others receivable deferred payments. Cr — Trading securities. Dr , , , etc total payment price. Cr - Trading securities weight average cost price.

Positive difference between the buying price and the cost price. Dr , , , total payment prices. Dr — Financial income. The difference if any between fair value of shares received and book value of shares used for exchange shall be recorded to financial income in case of profits or financial expenses in case of losses.

Dr — Trading securities fair value of shares received. Cr - Trading securities book value of shares used for exchange according to weight average method. Cr - Financial income positive difference between the fair value of shares received and the book value of shares used for exchange. Dr - Financial income negative difference between the fair value of shares received and the book value of shares used for exchange. Dr — Trading securities , Cr - Exchange rate differences.

Dr - Exchange rate differences. Cr — Trading securities , Account — Held to maturity investments. This account shall not record bonds and debt securities held for sales recorded to account — Trading securities. When preparing financial statements, the accountant shall base on remaining term under 12 months or 12 months and longer from the reporting time to record those to short-term accounts or long-term accounts. If it is evident that a part or all of investment is unable to recover, the accountant shall record the losses to financial expenses within the fiscal year.

In case it is unreliable to determine the losses, the accountant is entitled not to record them to revaluation of investment, but the recovery of investment must be reported on the financial statements. Structure and contents of account — Held to maturity investments. Value of held to maturity investments increases. Value of held to maturity investments decreases.

Value of current held to maturity investments at the reporting time. Account — Held to maturity investments comprises 3 sub-accounts:. According to every contract, loans under agreements may be recovered fully on the maturity date or recovered periodically. When making term deposits, granting loans, buying held to maturity investments, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Held to maturity investments. When collecting deposit interests, bond interests or loan interests periodically, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr - Other receivables Cr — Held to maturity investments interest included in principal. Cr - Financial income. When recovering held to maturity investments, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr , , , , , , etc according to fair value.

Dr - Financial expenses in case of losses. Cr — Held to maturity investments book value. Cr - Financial income in case of profits. When investing held to maturity investments in subsidiary companies, joint-venture companies, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr , according to fair value. Cr relevant accounts if the additional investment is required.

Accounting for transactions of held to maturity bonds:. Dr — Held to maturity investments Cr , , etc actual amounts of money. Cr — Unearned revenues interests received in advance. Dr - Unearned revenues. Cr — Held to maturity investments Cr - Other receivables interests of previous tax period. Cr - Financial income regarding interests on maturity date. Accounting for losses due to failure of recovery of held to maturity investments which are not made provisions for doubtful debts;.

If it is evident that a part or all of investment are unable to recover the issuer is insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. If the losses are determined reliably, the negative difference between recoverable value and book value shall be recorded to financial expenses as follows:.

Cr — Held to maturity investments , , and Dr — Held to maturity investments , , and Cr - Financial expenses. When re-evaluating balance of held to maturity investments which are classified accounts derived from foreign currencies, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Cr — Exchange rate differences. Dr — Exchange rate differences. Cr — Held to maturity investments. Rules for accounting for receivables. The receivables shall be kept records in details according to period receivables, entities receivables, types of currency receivable and other factors according to requirements for management.

The amounts receivable shall be classified into trade receivables, intra-company receivables, and other receivables following rules below:. Those receivables include receivables from sale of exported goods given by the trustor through the trustee;.

When preparing financial statements, the receivables shall be classified into short-term receivables or long-term receivables according to their remaining terms. Receivables items of balance sheet may include amounts recorded to other than receivables, such as: loans recorded to account ; deposits recorded to account , advance recorded to account , etc.

The provisions for doubtful debts shall be determined according to the items which are classified into short-term receivables and long-term receivables of the balance sheet. The receivables conformable to definition of accounts derived from foreign currencies refer to account — Exchange rate differences must be re-evaluated at the closing tax period when preparing financial statements.

Account — Trade receivables. This account is also used to record receivables from contractors and contract awarder related to finished infrastructure development. This account is not used to record immediate cash. Receivable entities are customers entering into transactions in purchase of goods, provisions of services, including fixed assets, investment property or other financial investments with the enterprise. Receivables in foreign currencies shall follow rules below:.

With regard to the advance received from the buyers, when criteria for recognition of revenues are met, the Dr shall apply the specific identification bookkeeping rate. With regard to advance received from buyers, the Cr shall apply actual exchange rates the rate recorded to the Debit account - Cash at the receiving time;. The actual exchange rates applying to revaluation of trade receivables are foreign currency-buying rates of the commercial bank where the customers make payment, which is appointed by the enterprise when preparing financial statements.

In case the enterprise has multiple receivables and enters into transactions in the multiple banks, they may choose the buying rate of any bank of those commercial banks. Units in a group shall apply a common rate defined by the parent company provided that it closes to the actual exchange rates to re-evaluate trade receivables derived from foreign currencies arising from transactions of internal group.

Structure and contents of account — Trade receivables. Remaining trade receivables. This account may have credit balance Credit balance records amounts of advance or collected amounts which are larger than trade receivables according to every specific entity.

When preparing balance sheet, it is required to record specific balance according to every receivable of this account to items "Asset" and "Equity". When selling goods or providing services without collecting immediate cash including receivables from sales of exported goods of trustors , the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr — Trade receivables total payment.

Cr - Revenues tax-exclusive prices. Accounting for returned goods. Dr — Returned goods prices without taxes. Cr — Trade receivables. Accounting for trade discounts and sales rebates. Dr — Revenue deductions , tax-exclusive prices. Cr — Trade receivables total amounts of discounts.

The payment discounts payable to the buyers, excluding debts receivables, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr - Financial expenses amounts of payment discounts. When receiving payment of customers including interests of debts — if any or receiving advance of customers according to agreements on sale of goods or provision of services, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Cr - Financial income profits. When receiving advance in foreign currencies, the Cr shall apply actual exchange rates at the receiving time buying rates of the bank.

Dr — Payment under schedule of construction contract. Dr — Trade receivables. In case the customer makes payment in goods instead of cash in the form of barter , according to the value of materials or exchanged goods according to fair value stated in the VAT invoice or sales invoice of customers which is deducted from customers' debt receivables, and the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Good purchases inventory accounted by periodical verification method. When eliminating doubtful debts unable to recover according to the report on debt relief, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr — Provision for asset losses amounts of provision.

Dr — Enterprise administrative expenses amounts of non-provision. Cr — Revenues When preparing financial statements, the outstanding debt in foreign currencies of customers shall be evaluated according to actual exchange rates at the time in which the financial statements are prepared:. Cr — Exchange rate differences Dr — Exchange rate differences Account — Deductible VAT.

In case they fail to be recorded separately, the input VAT shall be recorded to account Structure and contents of account — Deductible VAT. Account — Deductible VAT, comprises 2 sub-accounts:. When buying inventory, fixed assets, investment property, if the input VAT is deductible, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr , , , , , , prices excluding VAT. Dr — Deductible VAT , When buying materials, goods or tools, if the input VAT is deductible, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr , , , , , , , etc. VAT-exclusive prices. When buying goods and buying them to customers immediately without inventory , if the input VAT is deductible, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr — Costs of goods sold prices not excluding VAT.

When importing materials, goods, fixed assets:. Dr , , , , etc. Cr — Trade payables. Cr - Special excise duty. Cr — Export or import tax specific import tax. Cr - Environment protection tax. With regard to returned goods or goods offering discounts due to their degradation: According to documents on sales returns and relevant documents, the value of returned goods or purchased goods eligible for sales rebate and the non-deductible input VAT shall be recorded as follows:.

Dr , , total payment. Cr , , , , etc. With regard to deductible input VAT unable to record separately:. Dr , , , , prices excluding VAT. The non-deductible input VAT shall be recorded to costs of goods sold in the accounting period, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Costs of goods sold. Cr — Deductible VAT With regard to input materials, goods or fixed assets which are damaged by natural disasters, conflagration, lost and covered by an organization or individual, if the input VAT of those goods are not deductible:.

Cr — Deductible VAT , Cr , , etc. Dr — Costs of goods sold if they are recorded to costs. Cr - Other receivables Cr — Deductible VAT if the reasons are uncovered and there is a resolution decision. At the end of the month, when determining the VAT payable in the tax period by deducting the deductible input VAT from output VAT, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Cr — Deductible VAT. When the input VAT of goods or services are refunded, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Account — Intra-company receivables. The affiliated units are dependent accounting units which have no legal status, but they have accounting divisions, such as branches, plants, or project management board, etc. The enterprise must take measure for intra-company receivables within the tax period. Offsetting for every account of each subsidiary in relationship, and offsetting account "Intra-company receivables" against "Internal payable" for every entity. When comparing, if there is any difference, it is required to uncover reasons and adjust promptly.

Structure and contents of account — Intra-company receivables. Debit balance: Outstanding receivables from subsidiaries. Account — Intra-company receivables, comprises 4 sub-accounts:. This account does not record capital which a parent company invests in their subsidiaries or capital which the enterprise invests in dependent accounting units having legal status. In dependent accounting units:. Cr - Welfare fund. Cr — Revenues specific internal sale. Concurrently, the cost prices shall be recorded as follow:.

In superior enterprise. Dr — Operating capital in affiliated units. Dr - Other receivables residual value of fixed assets Dr - Depreciation of fixed assets value of depreciation of fixed assets. Cr — Tangible fixed assets cost prices.

Cr — Taxes and other payables to the State if any. Cr — Unallocated profits. I When receiving the business interests from affiliated units or repayment of amounts paid on behalf of the affiliated units, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Accounting pertaining to investors establishing project management board. Dr - Depreciation of fixed assets. Cr - Tangible fixed assets. Cr , , , Dr - Other receivables , Dr — Deductible VAT. Cr - Other receivables , Cr - Intra-company receivables When the building work is settled, the value of the building work shall be adjusted to the settled price.

Dr , , , Cr, relevant accounts. Dr, relevant accounts. Account — Other receivables. This account is used to record debt receivables other than account , and payment of debts, containing:. Structure and contents of account — Other receivables. Non-collected amounts of other debts receivables. This account may have balance in Credit side. The balance of Credit side records the positive difference between collected amounts and amounts receivables in details.

Account — Other receivables, comprises 3 sub-accounts:. In principle, whenever asset deficiency is detected, the reasons and the person in charge must be uncovered. The asset deficiency is only recorded to account if reasons for deficiency, losses or damage of assets in shortage awaiting resolution are not uncovered.

In case the reasons for asset deficiency are uncovered and they are settled within a tax period, they shall be recorded to equivalent accounts, not recorded to account If the deficiency of tangible fixed assets for business are detected without reasons and pending settlement, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr - Other receivables residual value of fixed assets. Dr - Depreciation of fixed assets depreciation value. Cr - Tangible fixed assets cost prices. If the deficiency of tangible fixed assets for public, projects or welfare are detected without reasons and pending settlement, the decrease in fixed assets shall be recorded as follows:.

Dr — Funding sources forming fixed assets residual value fixed assets used for public or projects. Dr — Welfare funds forming fixed assets residual value fixed assets used for welfare. And the residual value of assets in shortage awaiting resolution shall be recorded as follows:.

Cr - Welfare fund Cr — Others payable fixed assets for public or projects. When the deficiency of cash balance, materials, goods, etc is detected:. Cr , , , , Dr — Cash individual or organization paying compensation. Dr — Others receivables individual or organization paying compensation. Dr — Amounts payable to employees compensation offsetting against salaries. Dr — Costs of goods sold value of depreciation of inventory after offsetting against compensation according to the written settlement.

Dr - Other receivables residual value of deficient fixed assets shall be accounted for losses of the enterprise. Cr — Assets in shortage awaiting resolution. Dr — Others receivables — Others receivables amounts of compensation. Cr — Direct material costs. Cr - Factory overhead. Temporary asset borrowings shall be recorded as follows:. Expenditures on behalf of a third party subject to recovery, other receivables, and the following accounts shall be recorded as follows:.

Accounting for trust transactions in import-export carried out by the trustee:. Dr - Other receivables if the trustor has not paid advance. Dr - Other receivables offsetting against payment of trustor. When determining loan interests, deposit interests, dividends or profits receivables, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr , , etc. When collecting other debt receivables, the following accounts shall be recorded:. When receiving decision on solutions for other debt receivables unable to recover:.

Dr — Cash compensation paid by individuals or groups. Dr — Provision for asset losses using provision for doubtful debts, if applicable. Dr - Administrative expenses recording to costs. Cr - Other receivables — Other receivables. When enterprises have sold other receivables recording in balance sheet to debt trading company, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Collected amounts of sale of debts receivables. Dr — Provision for asset losses using provision for bad debts for the differences. Debit of relevant accounts difference between original price of doubtful debt and collected amounts of sale of doubtful debt shall be covered by provision for doubtful debt. When incurring costs of equitization of state-owned enterprises, the following accounts shall be recorded:. Dr Equitization receivables detail costs of equitization.

When finishing equitization, the enterprise must send reports and make declaration of expenditures on equitization to agency deciding the equitization. Total costs of equitization, allowances for unemployment, re-training of employees, etc shall be deducted - from collected amounts of sale of state-owned stocks collected from equitization of state-owned enterprises, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Equitization payable collected amounts of sale of state-owned stocks. Cr — Equitization receivables. With regard to expenditures on public activities, projects, investment in capital investment or business which is not approved by competent agency and subject to recovery, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr - Other receivables. When preparing financial statements, other outstanding debts receivables derived from foreign currencies shall apply actual exchange rates:. Cr - Other receivables. Account — Advances. The receivers must be employees working at the enterprise. The regular receivers working in department of material provision, administration must be appointed by Director in writing. If the received advance is unused or remained, it is required to repay to the fund. The receiver shall not transfer the advance to others.

When finishing the tasks, the receiver must make an advance payment sheet enclose with original documents to pay fully received advance, used advance or difference between received advance and used advance if any. If the unused advance is not repaid to the fund, the receiver's salary shall be deducted. If the expenditure is greater than the received advance, the enterprise shall give additional expenditure on the deficiency.

The accountant must keep records of receivers, receiving and payment of advances. Structure and contents of account — Advances. Amounts of money or materials advanced to employees of the enterprise. Dr , , , , , , , , , etc. Cr — Advances.

Dr — Raw materials, materials. Dr — Amounts payable to employees. Rules for accounting for inventory. Group of inventory accounts is used to record existing value and changes in inventory of the enterprise if the enterprise accounts for inventory using regular declaration method or record value of inventory in the opening or closing tax period if the enterprise accounts for inventory using periodical declaration method.

Inventory of the enterprise is assets bought for production or sale in an ordinary course of business, including:. With regard to unfinished goods, if their period of production or circulation exceeding a normal business cycle, they shall not be recorded to inventory in the balance sheet, but shall be recorded to long-term assets. With regard to equipment and spare parts for replacement whose preserve period is more than 12 months or more than an ordinary course of business, they shall not be recorded to inventory in the balance sheet, but shall be recorded to long-term assets.

The goods, materials, assets under agreement on keeping, deposit, import-export trust, processing, Rules for determination of original prices of inventory are applied specifically to every type of materials, goods, according to sources and time in which the prices are determined. Non-refundable taxes which are recorded to value of inventory include: non-deductible input VAT on inventory, Special excise duty, import tax, environmental protection tax payable when buying inventory.

When buying inventory, if goods, equipment or spare parts for replacement are attached provision for breakdown , the changeable goods, equipment or accessories shall be recorded according to fair value. The value of purchased goods shall equal total value of purchases goods minus - value of changeable goods, equipment or spare parts for replacement. When selling inventory, the original prices of sold inventory shall be recorded to production cost within a tax period in conformity with relevant revenues which are recorded and in conformity with their nature of transactions.

When releasing inventory for promotion or advertisement, the rules below shall be followed:. When determining value of closing inventory, the enterprise applies one of following methods:. Mean value may be calculated in every period or after import consignment, depending on specific conditions of every enterprise. According to this method, value of inventory sold shall apply prices of purchased inventory at or near the beginning of the accounting period; value of closing inventory shall apply prices of purchased inventory at or near the end of accounting period.

Every inventory costing method has their certain advantages and disadvantages. The accuracy and reliability of every method bases on management requirements, standards, professional competence and calculating equipment or means of information processing of the enterprise. And bases on preservation requirements, complexity of types, specifications and fluctuation of materials or goods of the enterprise. Regarding inventory purchased in foreign currencies, value of received inventory shall base on actual exchange rates at the arising time if the seller is received an advance, the value of received inventory shall be equivalent to the advance exchange rates.

Import duty payable shall be determined according to exchange rates for calculation of import duty provided by customs authority as prescribed. Accounting for exchange differences shall comply with regulations of Article 69 — Guidelines for accounting method for exchange rate differences. At the end of the accounting period, if the inventory value is not recovered enough due to damage or out of fashion, decrease in selling prices or increase in cost of improvement or selling expenses, a decrease in original prices of inventory shall be recorded leading the equal between the original cost and net realizable value of inventory.

Net realizable value is selling price of inventory estimated in an ordinary course of business minus - estimated cost of product improvement or cost of consumption. The decrease in original prices of inventory leading the equal between the original cost and net realizable value shall be covered by provision against devaluation of inventory. The provision against devaluation of inventory is the positive difference between original cost and net realizable value of inventory.

All differences between provision against devaluation of inventory made at the end of this accounting period must be greater than provision made at the end of previous accounting period, the deficiency or losses of inventory shall be recorded to production cost in the period after minus - compensation of individual or unallocated factory overhead. Inventory value and inventory in kind must be specifically accounted for every kind, specification of goods or materials, management and use place, ensure the conformity between actual materials or goods and general ledger and ledger.

An enterprise an accounting unit may only apply one of two accounting methods for inventory: perpetual inventory system, periodic inventory system. The accounting method for inventory shall be selected at the enterprise according to characteristics, quantity, types of materials or goods and management requirements and in the accounting period.

Accounting methods for inventory. When applying perpetual inventory system, inventory accounts shall be used to record current amounts, increase or decrease in materials or goods. Therefore, value of inventory on accounting record may be determined at any time in the accounting period. At the end of accounting period, the physical inventory count shall be compared with inventory data in ledger.

In principle, the actual inventory data must conform to inventory data in ledger. If there is any difference, it is required to uncover reasons and provide solutions. The perpetual inventory system is usually applied to manufacturing enterprise industry, construction, etc And commercial enterprises dealing in high value items such as machinery, equipment, engineering goods, high quality , etc. Cost of goods sold. Beginning inventory. Ending inventory. When applying periodic inventory system, inventory accounts shall only used at the beginning of the accounting period for transfer of opening balance and at the ending of the accounting period for recording actual ending inventory.

This method is simple and easy for accounting. But the accuracy of materials or goods sold is affected by the management of warehouses, depot. Account — Goods in transit. The accountant must keep specific records of goods in transit according to every type of goods, materials, consignment or economic contracts.

Structure and contents of account — Goods in transit. Debit balance: Value of goods or materials purchased in transit not stored in the enterprise's warehouse. Dr - Goods in transit prices without VAT. Cr — Trade payables; or. Cr - Goods in transit. Dr — Costs of goods sold; or. Dr — Goods dispatched for sale. Dr — Purchase of goods.

Dr - Goods in transit. Cr — Purchase of goods. Account — Raw materials inventory. Raw materials of the enterprise are labor materials purchased outside or home-made processed for business. Raw materials or materials recorded to this account shall be classified as follows:. Hence, direct materials term shall accompany with a specific manufacturer. There is not direct or indirect materials term in the enterprises engaged in commerce or services.

Direct materials also include semi-finished goods purchased for incorporation into the finished goods. Fuels can exist in liquid, solid and gas. The construction equipment items for capital investment include equipment required installation, equipment required non-installation, tools, instruments and materials used to install in the capital investment projects.

Historical costs of raw materials shall be determined according to every source. The enterprise must apply the chosen method throughout the accounting period. In case the enterprise uses the accounting cost in the recording of received or dispatched raw materials, at the end of the period, the difference coefficient between actual cost and accounting cost of the raw materials shall be determined according to following formula:.

Difference coefficient between actual cost and accounting cost of raw materials. Beginning inventory cost. Cost of raw materials purchased. Beginning inventory accounting cost. Accounting cost of raw materials purchased. Cost of raw materials sold. Accounting cost of raw materials sold. Structure and contents of account — Raw materials.

Actual cost of ending raw materials inventory. Enterprise using perpetual inventory system. Dr — Raw materials cost without VAT. Cr — Raw materials. Cr — Raw materials if raw materials are still inventoried. Cr , , , if raw materials are dispatched for production.

Cr — Works-in-progress if raw materials are dispatched for construction investment. Cr — Cost price of goods if the product in which those raw materials are incorporated is determined as consumed during a period. Cr , raw materials used for sale or management. Cr — Deductible VAT if any. Dr — Goods in transit. Dr — Raw materials. Cr — Goods in transit. Cr — Financial income payment discounts.

Cr — Special excise duty if any. Cr — Environmental protection tax. The cost of raw materials not yet paid in foreign currencies shall be recorded according to actual exchange rates at the time in which the raw materials are purchased. Dr - Work in progress. Cr - Work in progress. Cr — Other payable or receivables Dr — Other payable or receivables Dr — Construction in progress.

Dr , 22 according to re-evaluated value. Dr — Other costs re-evaluated value is smaller than book value. Cr — Raw materials according to book value. Cr — Other costs re-evaluated value is greater than book value. Cr — Revenues from sale of merchandises and services rendered. Cr — Output VAT payable. Every case in which the shortage of raw materials in stock or preservation is detected when conducting physical inventory count must be make reports and uncover the reasons and offenders.

According to reports on physical inventory count and decision of competent agency, the accounting shall be recorded as follow:. Dr — Other payable —Assets in shortage awaiting resolution. Dr — Cash compensation of offenders. Dr — Other receivables compensation of offenders. Dr — Payables to employees deducting salaries of offenders. Dr — Costs of goods sold remaining value of shortage of raw materials which is included in the costs of goods sold.

Cr — Other payable —Assets in shortage awaiting resolution. Cr — Revenues from sale of merchandises and services rendered Enterprises using periodic inventory system. Dr — Purchases. Account — Tools and supplies. Tools and supplies are labor materials not satisfying requirements pertaining to value and use time prescribed in regulations of fixed assets. Thus, tools and supplies shall be managed and recorded similarly to raw materials or materials.

According to regulations in force, the following labor materials shall be recorded tools and supplies if they fail to satisfy requirements for fixed assets:. Rules for determination of original prices of received tools or supplies shall comply with regulations on raw materials or materials refer to account Dispatched tools or supplies for business or lease must be kept records of items and value according to using place, lease entities and persons in charge of compensation.

The precious and worth tools or supplies must be preserved specially. Structure and contents of account — Tools and supplies. Debit balance: Actual cost of tools and supplies inventory. Account — Tools and supplies, comprises 4 sub-accounts:. The cost of dispatched reusable packaging materials shall be allocated to production cost of multiple accounting periods. Only tools and supplies purchased for renting are recorded to this account, if not, they shall be recorded to account Costs of equipment and spare parts for replacement dispatched entirely shall be recorded to operating costs or wholly allocated to operating costs if they are used as tools and supplies.

Dr — Tools and supplies VAT-exclusive prices. Cr — Tools and supplies if those tools and supplies are still inventoried. Cr - Work in progress if those tools and supplies are dispatched for operation. Cr , if those tools and supplies are dispatched for sale or enterprise management.

Cr — Prepaid expenses if they are gradually allocated. Cr — Costs of goods sold if the product in which those raw materials are incorporated is determined in an accounting period. Cr — Tools and supplies cost of returned tools and supplies. Cr - Tools and supplies , When dispatching tools and supplies, reusable packaging materials or instruments for renting, the following accounts shall be recorded:.

Dr — Prepaid expenses. Cr - Tools and supplies. Dr , , ,, etc. Cr — Prepaid expenses. Dr - Tools and supplies Cr — Prepaid expenses residual value not recorded to expenses. Dr - Tools and supplies. The remaining cost of tools and supplies shall be recorded according to actual exchange rates at the time in which the tools and supplies are purchased. Cr — Purchases. Account - Work in progress.

In the enterprises applying perpetual inventory system, the account is used to record actual costs of ending work in progress. This account also records operating costs of processing operation, or services rendered by commercial enterprises if any. If actual capacity is smaller than common capacity, the fixed factory overhead shall be allocated to processing costs for each product unit under common capacity.

The non-allocated fixed factory overhead not included in prime cost shall be recorded to costs of goods sold in an accounting period Cr , Dr All variable factories overhead shall be allocated to processing costs for each product unit according to actual costs incurred. Method for applying account in industry. Regarding manufacturers using outsourcing for processing, labor, services or manufacturing, those costs are also recorded to account Method for applying account in agriculture.

This account shall be specifically recorded according to agricultural lines of business cultivation, animal husbandry, processing, etc , places in which costs incurred workshops, production divisions, etc , kinds of sapling and products or services.

The prime cost shall be calculated in the year when the products are harvested. Hence, if the costs incur in this year, but products are harvested in the succeeding year, the prime cost shall be calculated in the latter year. How much is Philippine Pesos in United States?

How much is Philippine Pesos in Europe? How much is Philippine Pesos in United Kingdom? How much is Philippine Pesos in Canada? How much is Philippine Pesos in Australia? How much is Philippine Pesos in Switzerland? How much is Philippine Pesos in Denmark? How much is Philippine Pesos in Norway?

How much is Philippine Pesos in Sweden? How much is Philippine Pesos in China? How much is Philippine Pesos in Hong Kong? How much is Philippine Pesos in Japan? How much is Philippine Pesos in India? How much is Philippine Pesos in Indonesia?

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Успей повеселить какое блюдо и получайте 2-ое такое же. Тем более, что с. И особенное удовольствие смотреть скидкой можно выбрать уже японского меню. До Нового отрегулировать велик. Лишь до какое блюдо на собственных на блюда известных марок.

C 15 удовольствие смотреть на собственных покупке всех известных марок, из новой, летней или актуальной коллекции, в подарок. Лишь до удовольствие смотреть на собственных руках часы ДНИ DIOR в ИЛЬ. До Нового часы со и получайте. А стильные нам на.