Ethereum parity exploit

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The Ethereum community cannot, for instance, easily execute a hard fork as they did in the case of The DAO. The DAO had a built-in day delay, during which the stolen funds were locked into the contract and subject to recovery. The MEH only needs to identify compliant exchanges to cash out or convert to ZEC to retain the stolen funds with full anonymity. Unless the hacker trips up, the community will have to resign itself to the loss of the moneymore than in any U.

Since the contract was originally added as one big blob, it was likely copied from somewhere else, making its provenance in development unclear. Note that the first version of the contract already contained the vulnerable code. It is hard to believe that such an large and valuable! At least one other multisig contract had an analogous bug that stemmed from the lack of a function modifier. First of all, we recommend that Solidity adopt a default-private level of visibility for contract functions.

This change would have likely prevented this exploit and others like it. This may be an opportunity to batch a number of other safe usability related changes, much needed additional types, and solutions to common gripes into Solidity. It's also an opportune time to think about versioning at the source language level, to be able to easily introduce new features into the language without having to worry about backwards compatibility.

Nevertheless, we do, of course, strongly recommend that smart contract authors thoroughly test their contracts, and a test policy that included testing for function visibility on every function would have exposed the issue. The creation of a rigorously followed best practices guide for testing and smart contract review that requires that visibility assumptions be made explicit and tested is thus, we believe, one of the strong lessons from this attack.

Today, it is not uncommon to see large contracts deployed with only a handful of unit tests, with little to no reasoning about interaction between contracts, and with unit tests that do not even accomplish full statement or decision coverage. Beyond these glaring omissions of basic software quality techniques standard in the space, it remains apparent that there is still work to be done in understanding best practices for high level tooling and language design for smart contracts.

The Parity project has released a post-mortem giving a high level overview of the attack and discussing the steps Parity will take in the future to ensure that such an attack will not happen again. Many of their conclusions agree with the ones we made here. We would like to thank Everett Hildenbrandt of the KEVM project for his feedback and helpful suggestions on explaining the attack.

Lorenz lorenzb. Hacker and professor at Cornell, with interests that span distributed systems, OSes and networking. Hacking, Distributed. Multiple signatures are better than one. The response A white-hat recovery team MEH-WH developers identified and drained all remaining vulnerable wallets into this wallet.

We believe that there are multiple levels on which lessons should be drawn from this attack: First of all, we recommend that Solidity adopt a default-private level of visibility for contract functions. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Everett Hildenbrandt of the KEVM project for his feedback and helpful suggestions on explaining the attack.

Lorenz Breidenbach. Phil Daian. Ari Juels. Follow el33th4xor. Looking ahead, blockchain technology is an area of extensive research across multiple industries, including financial services and payments, among others. Blockchain comprises a digital network of blocks with a comprehensive ledger of transactions made in a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin or other altcoins. Read this Term. Revealed by several experts on Twitter, the perpetrators targeted the Parity nodes of the Ethereum blockchain by exploiting a vulnerability in the network.

As explained by Sergio Demian Lerner, the attack was very simple - the attackers sent a block with invalid transactions, but with a valid header borrowed from another node to the parity nodes. With this technique, the node will mark the block invalid and blacklist the block header, making the valid node invalid as well.

Because of an attack on such a scale, a large number of Parity nodes lost sync from the Ethereum network. Despite the grave severity of the attack , the perpetrators could not exploit another popular client called Geth, which dominates Ethereum nodes.

To fix the vulnerability, the developers released a patch 14 hours after the coordinated attack was conducted. Many Twitter users pointed out that only around 20 percent of the Ethereum nodes run on Parity nodes. However, if any such attack targets the Geth nodes, it would have the potential to take down the entire Ethereum network, per software developer Liam Aharon.

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